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🛒 تسوق الآنLibya's Political Path: US-Backed Initiative Breaks 13-Year Budget Deadlock Amid Election Stalemate
Libya's Political Path: US-Backed Initiative Breaks 13-Year Budget Deadlock Amid Election Stalemate
A Unified Budget After 13 Years
Libya achieved a landmark breakthrough in April 2026 when rival eastern and western factions signed the country's first unified state budget in over a decade. The agreement, brokered by US Senior Advisor for Africa Massad Boulos, ended 13 years of financial fragmentation between the Tripoli-based Government of National Unity (GNU) and the eastern-based Government of National Stability (GNS). The deal enables the National Oil Corporation to invest in increasing oil production.
The budget agreement represents the most tangible progress in Libya's political process since the 2020 ceasefire. It also signals a new phase of international engagement, with Washington playing an increasingly direct role in bridging Libya's institutional divide.
The 4+4 Committee: A Miniature Negotiating Table
Building on the budget success, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) has activated a small-group diplomacy format known as the "4+4" committee. The committee includes four representatives from Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah's GNU — Walid Al-Lafi, Mustafa Al-Ma'ani, and Abdul Jalil Al-Shaush — alongside eastern representatives including Deputy Commander of the Libyan National Army Sadam Haftar, Abdul Rahman Al-Abar, and Al-Sheibani Abu Hamoud.
The committee's mandate covers reconstituting the Elections Commission Board and agreeing on electoral laws. The first meeting took place on 29 April in Rome under UNSMIL auspices, where participants committed to maintaining ongoing talks.
Diverging Positions and Political Resistance
Not all Libyan factions have embraced the initiative. Presidential Council Chairman Mohammed Al-Minif expressed reservations about the 4+4 format's foundations, emphasizing the need to separate the UN track from parallel diplomatic channels and to adhere to the existing political roadmap and Libyan Political Agreement.
State Council member Amina Al-Mahjub rejected the initiative's current form, insisting that any political solution must emerge from legitimate Libyan bodies rather than external dictates. The State Council voted to freeze the membership of Abdul Jalil Al-Shaush if he participated in the small table, underscoring the depth of institutional resistance.
Meanwhile, House of Representatives member Issam Al-Jahani described the steps as "realistic political moves" despite surrounding reservations, noting the absence of viable alternatives. State Council member Ahmed Al-Lenqie called for careful vetting of international initiatives to preserve sovereignty.
US Engagement: Parallel Tracks and Regional Coordination
Washington's approach combines work within the UN framework with direct bilateral engagement, coordinated with regional actors including Egypt, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia. In April, US Africa Command (AFRICOM) held its annual Flintlock 2026 special operations exercise in Sirte, bringing together military personnel from both eastern and western Libya alongside participants from 11 countries.
US efforts to broker a power-sharing deal faced strong opposition from multiple Libyan factions. Critics warned that arrangements negotiated outside established UN mechanisms could weaken the legitimacy of the UN-led process.
The tripartite framework of Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt emphasized support for the UN-led process and rejected foreign interference.
Security Challenges and Setbacks
Despite the 2020 ceasefire holding nationwide, security incidents continue to threaten stability. On 8 May, armed clashes between Tripoli-affiliated state security forces and local armed groups temporarily shut down Libya's largest oil refinery in Zawiya, killing three civilians and one security officer.
In December 2025, General Mohammed Ali Ahmed Al-Haddad, Chief of the General Staff, died in a plane crash near Ankara with four senior military officials. The loss set back efforts to unify Libya's fragmented security institutions.
On 3 February, Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi was reportedly killed in Zintan by unidentified assailants. Libyan authorities issued arrest warrants for three suspects, though their identities remain undisclosed.
Why This Matters for Libya's Future
Libya's political path stands at a critical crossroads. The budget agreement proves that compromise is possible, but the electoral roadmap remains stalled. The UN's Structured Dialogue is expected to conclude in June with a final report presenting concrete recommendations for elections and governance reform.
For ordinary Libyans, a functional unified government capable of delivering services and managing oil wealth depends on these parallel tracks. The coming weeks will determine whether Libya finally moves toward elections or faces another year of stalemate.
— LibyaPress / Politics Desk
