Sudanese Migrants in Libya Face Escalating Violence and Mass Detention

Half a Million Sudanese Trapped in Hostile Territory

More than 590,000 Sudanese nationals have crossed into Libya since civil war erupted in April 2023, according to United Nations estimates. What was meant to be an escape from the brutal conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces has become a second crisis — marked by anti-migrant violence, mass detention, and systematic abuse. As of April 2026, approximately 91,000 Sudanese remain registered with the UN Refugee Agency.

The International Organization for Migration reports that Sudanese nationals constitute Libya's largest migrant community, accounting for 36 percent of the country's estimated 936,000 migrants. This population, fleeing a war that has killed over 20,000 people and displaced approximately 15 million, finds itself trapped between a homeland consumed by violence and an exile defined by fear.

Anti-Migrant Campaigns Intensify Across Libyan Cities

In recent weeks, hostility toward Sudanese and other foreign nationals has escalated dramatically. During the first week of June 2026, demonstrations erupted in several Libyan cities demanding the closure of UN refugee agency offices and an end to asylum procedures. Videos circulated showing Sudanese nationals subjected to direct physical violence in public squares, streets, and workplaces.

Many Sudanese residents report being unable to leave their homes even for basic necessities. A Sudanese journalist told Sudan Tribune that fear has escalated dramatically. "The embassy has not reached out to Sudanese nationals," she said. The Sudanese Journalists Syndicate reported that eight journalists experienced violations within a single week, including threats, insults, and discrimination in accessing essential services.

Key Facts: The Scale of the Crisis

  • 590,000+ Sudanese have fled to Libya since the war began in April 2023
  • 91,000 Sudanese registered with the UN Refugee Agency as of April 2026
  • 36% of Libya's 936,000 migrants are Sudanese — the largest foreign community
  • 31 Sudanese nationals detained in Ajdabiya in May 2026, including 24 with serious illnesses
  • 39 Sudanese journalists stranded, with 8 reporting violations in one week
  • Detainees in Prison 71 survive on one piece of bread and a triangle of cheese per day

Inside Prison 71: A Detainee Speaks

From inside the notorious "Prison 71" in Tobruk, a 25-year-old Sudanese detainee identified as S.A. provided harrowing testimony. "We use this bathroom to relieve ourselves and drink from its taps despite the salty water. Each day, we receive a piece of bread and a triangle of cheese. We are packed tightly together — we share blankets when we sleep."

S.A. reported that approximately 60 Sudanese women are also held in the facility. Many detainees were arrested immediately after crossing from Egypt through smuggling routes. He is waiting for his family to send 1,000 Libyan dinars to secure his release. Prison 71 is a detention center operated by Libya's 71st Border Guard Unit for undocumented migrants, where detainees have alleged systematic abuse and extortion.

Why This Matters for Libya

The Sudanese presence in Libya spans decades, but the scale of displacement from the current civil war has pushed tens of thousands into a country already grappling with political instability and economic hardship. For Libyans, this crisis carries direct implications: strain on fragile public services, security risks from mass irregular migration, and a humanitarian toll on vulnerable populations.

Libya's southern border regions, particularly Kufra, have become critical transit zones where between 350,000 and one million Sudanese refugees have arrived since 2023. The deportation of 31 Sudanese nationals from Ajdabiya — including 24 suffering from tuberculosis, hepatitis, and HIV — raises serious humanitarian concerns, as ongoing conflict in Sudan makes safe return impossible.

The Path Forward

The UN and the International Organization for Migration continue to monitor the situation, but resources remain stretched across multiple regional crises. The absence of meaningful engagement from Sudan's diplomatic mission has left hundreds of thousands without consular protection. A coordinated international response addressing both immediate humanitarian needs and root causes of displacement is urgently needed.

— LibyaPress / Libya Desk